Which studies require Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval?

Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval is particularly necessary for studies collecting identifiable information about living individuals because this type of research poses potential risks to the privacy and welfare of those individuals. The IRB's primary role is to protect human subjects involved in research by ensuring that the research is ethical and that participants' rights are safeguarded.

When a study collects identifiable data, such as names, social security numbers, or any other information that can be used to identify individuals, there are heightened concerns regarding confidentiality, consent, and potential harm. IRBs review proposals to ensure that risks are minimized, informed consent is obtained, and appropriate safeguards are in place to protect participants.

In contrast, studies that collect aggregate data or analyze only non-identifiable information do not require IRB approval because they do not involve direct interaction with living individuals or directly tie any data to individual identities. Similarly, studies conducted in non-health-related fields might not necessitate IRB approval depending on the nature of the data and the presence of human subjects. However, any research involving identifiable information demands IRB oversight to maintain ethical standards and protect participants' rights.