Which principle in research ethics emphasizes maximizing benefits and minimizing harms?

The principle that emphasizes maximizing benefits and minimizing harms is known as beneficence. This ethical guideline requires researchers to consider the well-being of participants and take steps to enhance their experiences in the study while mitigating any potential risks or negative effects. Beneficence is about ensuring the positive outcomes of research not only outweigh potential risks but actively seeks to produce good for participants.

In understanding this principle, it's essential to recognize the balance researchers must maintain; they must evaluate how their research can lead to beneficial outcomes for individuals and society while consistently working to limit any harm that might arise from their design or procedures. This principle underscores the ethical responsibility researchers hold towards participants, ensuring that their involvement serves a greater good.

Justice refers to the fair distribution of benefits and burdens of research, while autonomy focuses on respecting individuals' rights to make informed decisions about their participation. Nonmaleficence, another important principle, is closely related but specifically concerns the obligation to avoid causing harm. While all these principles are crucial to ethical research, beneficence is particularly centered on promoting benefits and minimizing harm directly associated with the research activities.