What types of research require IRB review?

Research involving human subjects is subject to Institutional Review Board (IRB) review to ensure the protection of those subjects' rights and welfare. This encompasses a wide range of research methodologies, including clinical trials, surveys, interviews, and observational studies that collect data from individuals. The primary purpose of requiring IRB oversight is to assess the ethical implications of the research and to confirm that appropriate measures are in place to minimize any risks to participants.

In this context, human subject research is defined as any activity that involves obtaining data through interaction or intervention with individuals or by accessing identifiable private information. This requirement is set forth to ensure that informed consent is obtained and that protocols are in place to safeguard participant privacy and data security. Thus, option B accurately encapsulates the types of research that necessitate IRB review.

In contrast, the other options presented do not fully encompass the scope of research requiring IRB oversight. Government funding alone doesn't determine the need for IRB review, nor does the absence of financial interests or the setting in which the research is conducted. Ethical considerations surrounding human subjects transcend these factors, which is why B is the most accurate choice.