What is fabrication in the context of research misconduct?

Fabrication in the context of research misconduct refers specifically to the act of creating false data or results that are not based on reality. This involves producing information that is entirely made up, which can mislead others about the research findings. When a researcher fabricates data, it undermines the integrity of the research process, as it presents false information as if it were a factual contribution to the scientific community.

This is particularly serious because it not only distorts the findings but can also lead to inappropriate conclusions or recommendations that affect further research, policy-making, and practical applications based on that research. The seriousness of fabrication lies in its potential to erode public trust in research, which relies on honesty and transparency.

Other forms of misconduct, such as altering existing data or presenting data incorrectly, are serious in their own rights but do not specifically encompass the idea of generating results that have no basis in reality as fabrication does. Similarly, neglecting to disclose conflicts of interest refers to a different ethical concern regarding transparency and potential bias in research.