What does a "waiver of consent" allow researchers to do?

A "waiver of consent" allows researchers to forego obtaining informed consent from participants under specific circumstances. This can occur when the research involves minimal risk to participants, the research could not practicably be conducted without the waiver, and when the rights and welfare of participants are not adversely affected. For instance, this might apply to studies utilizing existing data or records where obtaining consent would be impractical or where providing the information could introduce potential bias or harm to participants.

The option indicating that consent should be obtained after the study does not align with the principles of ethical research practice since informed consent is essential at the outset to respect participant autonomy and rights. Requiring consent from a third party would not fulfill the individual's right to decide for themselves about participation, which is a core component of informed consent. Limiting consent to only age verification undermines the comprehensive understanding of what participation entails and does not address other crucial ethical considerations associated with consent.